Peer-Reviewed Publications

because it's important to share good science

• Peters A, Baken S, Cooper C, Middleton E, Chowdhury J, & Gopalapillai Y. (2025). Effects of metal mixtures on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the field. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 45(1), 232-240.

• Khan FR, Bury NR, Cooper CA, Boyle D, Middleton E, & Herzog SD. (2025). The impact of climate change on the flux and fate of metals in freshwater systems: Implications for metal exposure across different scales. Environmental Research, 123057

• Merrington G, Gensemer RW, Gilron G, Wilson I, Peters A, Van Dam R, Golding L, Stauber J, Gadd J, Smith R, Deforest D, Garman E, Middleton E, Ryan A, Cooper C, Smith E & Baken S. (2025). Bioavailability and risk assessment of metals in freshwaters: is global regulatory implementation keeping pace with scientific developments? Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 21(4), 870-881.

• Wilson I, Merrington G, Peters A, Middleton E, Garman E, & Schlekat C. (2025). A demonstrable need to follow scientific evidence in the derivation of environmental quality standards: a case study of European surface waters. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 21(3), 480-484.

• Nys C, Middleton E, Garman E, Schlekat C, Van Sprang P, De Schamphelaere K. (2025). Development of a bioavailability-based acute effects assessment method for nickel. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 44(3), 841-855.

• Wilson I, Peters A, Merrington G, Middleton E, Garman E, Schlekat C. (2024). Practical Estimation and Use of Ambient Background Concentrations in Surface Waters for Nickel in Europe. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 20(6), 2128-2141.

• Peters A, Merrington G, Middleton E. (2024). How Important is it to Update the Existing Environmental Quality Standard for Nickel? An example based on the UK. Environmental Science: Advances, 3(8), 1139-1152.

• He J, Wang C, Schlekat CE, Wu F, Middleton E, Garman E, & Peters A. (2023). Validation of nickel bioavailability models for algae, invertebrates, and fish in Chinese surface waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 42(6), 1257-1265.

• Peters A, Nys C, Leverett D, Wilson I, Van Sprang P, Merrington G, Garman E, Middleton E & Schlekat, C. (2023). Updating the chronic freshwater ecotoxicity database and Biotic Ligand Model for nickel for regulatory applications in Europe. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 42(3), 566-580.

• Brix KV, Blust R, Mertens J, Baken S, Middleton E, Cooper C. (2022). Evaluation of Effects Based Methods as Monitoring Tools for Assessing Ecological Impacts of Metals in Aquatic Ecosystems. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4645

• Peters A, Wilson I, Merrington G, Schlekat C, Middleton E, & Garman E. (2022). Assessing the Extent of Environmental Risks from Nickel in European Freshwaters: A Critical Reflection of the European Commission’s Current Approach. Environ Toxicol Chem; doi.org/10.1002/etc.5352

• Merrington G, Peters A, Schlekat C, Middleton E, Garman E. (2022). Assessing Nickel Risks in Freshwater in Order to Deliver Better Environmental Protection. Environ Toxicol Chem; 41(4)815-817.

• Mano H, Shinohara N, Peters A, Garman E, Middleton E, Schlekat C, & Naito W. (2022). Variation in chronic nickel toxicity to Daphnia magna among Japanese river waters and performance evaluation of bioavailability models in predicting the toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res; 1-13.

• Besser JM, Ivey CD, Steevens JA, Cleveland D, Soucek D, Dickinson A, VanGenderen EJ, Ryan AC, Schlekat CE, Garman, E, Middleton E & Santore, R. (2021). Modeling the Bioavailability of Nickel and Zinc to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Neocloeon triangulifer in Toxicity Tests with Natural Waters. Environ Toxicol Chem; 40(11)3049-3062.

• Santore RC, Croteau K, Ryan AC, Schlekat C, Middleton E, & Garman E. (2021). A Review of Water Quality Factors that Affect Nickel Bioavailability to Aquatic Organisms: Refinement of the Biotic Ligand Model for Nickel in Acute and Chronic Exposures. Environ Toxicol Chem; 40(8)2121-2134.

• Croteau K, Ryan A, Santore R, DeForest D, Schlekat C, Middleton E, & Garman E. (2021). Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Biotic Ligand Models to Predict the Toxicity of Nickel to Aquatic Freshwater Organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem; 40(8)2189-2205.

• Gauthier PT, Blewett TA, Garman ER, Schlekat CE, Middleton ET, Suominen E, & Crémazy A. (2021). Environmental risk of nickel in aquatic Arctic ecosystems. Sci Tot Environ; 797:148921.

• McCarthy CJ, Roark SA, & Middleton ET. (2021). Considerations for toxicity experiments and risk assessments with PFAS mixtures. Integr Environ Assess Manag; 17(4)697-704.

• Garman ER, Schlekat CE, Middleton E, Merrington G, Peters A, Smith R, Stauber JL, Leung KMY, Gissi F, Binet MT, Adams MS, Gillmore ML, Golding LA, Jolley D, Wang Z, & Reichelt‐Brushett A. (2021). Development of a Bioavailability‐Based Risk Assessment Framework for Nickel in Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Integr Environ Assess Manag; 17(4)802-813.

• Sherman S, Chen W, Blewett TA, Smith S, Middleton E, Garman E, Schlekat C & McGeer JC. (2021). Complexation reduces nickel toxicity to purple sea urchin embryos (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), a test of biotic ligand principles in seawater. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf; 216:112156.

• Peters A, Merrington G, Stauber J, Golding L, Batley G, Gissi F, Adams M, Binet M, McKnight K, Schlekat C, Garman E, & Middleton E. (2021). Empirical bioavailability corrections for nickel in freshwaters for Australia and New Zealand water quality guideline development. Environ Toxicol Chem; 40(1), 113-126.

• Stauber J, Golding L, Peters A, Merrington G, Adams M, Binet M, Batley G, Gissi F, McKnight K, Garman E, Middleton E, Gadd J, & Schlekat C. (2021). Application of Bioavailability Models to Derive Chronic Guideline Values for Nickel in Freshwaters of Australia and New Zealand. Environ Toxicol Chem; 40(1), 100-112.

• Crémazy A, Brix KV, Smith DS, Chen W, Grosell M, Schlekat CE, Garman ER, Middleton ET & Wood CM. (2020). A Mystery Tale: Nickel Is Fickle When Snails Fail—Investigating the Variability in Ni Toxicity to the Great Pond Snail. Integr Environ Assess Manag; 16(6)983-997.

• Meyer JS, Lyons‐Darden T, Garman ER, Middleton ET, & Schlekat CE. (2020). Toxicity of nanoparticulate nickel to aquatic organisms: review and recommendations for improvement of toxicity tests. Environ Toxicol Chem; 39(10), 1861-1883.

• Wang Z, Yeung KW, Zhou GJ, Yung MM, Schlekat CE, Garman ER, Gissi F, Stauber JL, Middleton ET, Wang YYL & Leung KM. (2020). Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel on freshwater and marine tropical aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf; 206:111373.

• Brix KV, DeForest DK, Tear L, Peijnenburg W, Peters A, Middleton ET, & Erickson R. (2020). Development of empirical bioavailability models for metals. Environ Toxicol Chem; 39(1)85-100.

• Meyer JS, Traudt EM, & Ranville JF. (2018). Is the factor-of-2 rule broadly applicable for evaluating the prediction accuracy of metal-toxicity models?. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol; 100(1), 64-68.

• Traudt EM, Ranville JF, & Meyer JS. (2017). Acute toxicity of ternary Cd–Cu–Ni and Cd–Ni–Zn mixtures to Daphnia magna: dominant metal pairs change along a concentration gradient. Environ Sci Technol; 51(8)4471-4481.

• Traudt EM, Ranville JF, & Meyer JS. (2017). Effect of age on acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in individual‐metal exposures to Daphnia magna neonates. Environ Toxicol Chem; 36(1)113-119.

• Traudt EM, Ranville JF, & Meyer JS. (2017). Age-related differences in sensitivity to metals can matter for Daphnia magna neonates. Integr Environ Assess Manag; 13(1)208.

• Traudt EM, Ranville JF, Smith SA, & Meyer JS. (2016). A test of the additivity of acute toxicity of binary‐metal mixtures of Ni with Cd, Cu, and Zn to Daphnia magna, using the inflection point of the concentration–response curves. Environ Toxicol Chem; 35(7)1843-1851.

• Elkins KM, Dickerson MA, & Traudt EM. (2011). Fluorescence characterization of the interaction Suwannee river fulvic acid with the herbicide dichlorprop (2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid) in the absence and presence of aluminum or erbium. J Inorg Biochem; 105(11)1469-1476.